Despite the abovementioned challenges, both tools have default values for many of the input data drawn from the literature that could be useful when experimental data are not readily available. Therefore, additional software programs are required to perform the analysis. Additionally, the software does not have an integrated function to calculate the energy of the streams presented in a process, or a function to evaluate techno-economic costs. For example, in downstream processes, conversion is assumed for the reactor instead, a rigorous reactor model and phase separators are modeled as component splitters, which leads to inaccurate and incomplete results. Additionally, it has limitations associated with the downstream and economic analyses of large-scale processes. ASPEN Plus ® can be difficult for non-experts to use because it requires a large amount of technical information for inputs, making it time-consuming. The kinetic models must be introduced during the simulation, and in some cases, it is hard to converge the models. However, it requires previous experimental data for simulation. This steady-state sequential modular simulation package has been employed as a tool to simulate and design chemical processes, and it offers the possibility of simulating various combinations of unit operations using the built-in process models. It is used in processes with batch, continuous, and mixed batch and continuous operations. By contrast, ASPEN Plus ® is modeling software that enables the optimization of throughput, product quality, and energy. Spreadsheet models are based on pre-existing templates for specific scenarios, which require a later adaptation of the models depending on the user settings, thus making them difficult for a non-expert to use and adapt. This is because the formulas to calculate thetotal cost categories for a TEA are commonly scattered across multiple sheets, which makes it difficult for the user to follow. Process calculations are performed with spreadsheets, which limits the analysis to a small number of units. Excel ® is widely used due to its availability and easy access. Excel ® and ASPEN Plus ® are the most commonly used software products for TEA during the development stages associated with process operation and optimization.
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